PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Lujanian			0.0117
				Chibanian															Lujanian			0.129
				Chibanian															Ensenadan			0.3 *
				Calabrian															Ensenadan			0.774
				Calabrian															Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
				Gelasian															Sanandresian			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †			Vorohuean			2.58
				Piacenzian															Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
				Zanclean															Chapadmalalan			3.6
																			Montehermosan			3.7 *
																			Huayquerian			4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
																			Chasicoan			7.9 *
																			Mayoan			9.9 *
																			Laventan			10.9 *
				Serravallian															Laventan			11.63
				Serravallian															Colloncuran			13.7 *
				Langhian															Colloncuran			13.82
				Langhian															Friasian			15.4 *
				Burdigalian															Friasian			15.98
																			Santacrucian			16.2 *
																			Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
				Aquitanian															Colhuehuapian			20.44
				Aquitanian															Deseadan			20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
				Rupelian																		27.82
				Rupelian															Tinguirirican			28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian															Tinguirirican			33.9
				Priabonian															Divisaderan			35.9 *
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Lutetian															Mustersan			41.9 *
				Ypresian															Mustersan			47.8
				Ypresian															Casamayoran			47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian															Riochican			56
																			Itaboraian			56.9 *
																			Peligran			58.9 *
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
				Danian															Tiupampan			62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
							Richmondian				Rawtheyan	446 *
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Berounian					449.7 *
							Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian							450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian							451.1 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
							Turinian					Actonian †		453.7 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian						456.8 *
						Whiterockian							Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
										Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
								Dobrotivian										458.5 *
								Oretanian										459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
										Sarka †								461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †								467.3
								Arenigian										468
									Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
							Rangerian											469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian										Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
Whitlandian							Blackhillsian				471.1 *
Whitlandian							Tulean				473.9 *
Moridunian				474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
							Stairsian		Migneintian	480.3 *
							Stairsian		Cressagian	480.8 *
							Skullrockian		Cressagian	Demingian †	482 *
										Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Series 3 †	497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																	509
	Series 2	Stage 3																	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																			538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																			1000
		Ectasian																			1200
		Calymmian			1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian			1600
		Orosirian			1800
		Rhyacian			2050
		Siderian			2300
Archean	Neoarchean				2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
																						4600