PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
										Planulata						179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
										Kanense						181.3 *
										Carlottense						182.3 *
										Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian						Kunae						184.2
										Freboldi						185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian												192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian							298.9
				Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian							303.7
				Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian							307
				Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian							323.2
				Visean					Middle Mississippian							330.9
				Tournaisian					Early Mississippian							346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian									358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian									372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian									382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien									387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
				Pragian												407.6
				Pragian			Coblencien									408.2 *
				Lochkovian			Gedinnine									410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
			Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
				Aeronian												438.5
				Rhuddanian												440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
				Katian										Rawtheyan		445.2
														Cautleyan		448.9 *
														Pusgillian		449.3 *
													Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
														Cheneyan		451.5 *
														Burrellian		452.7 *
Sandbian				453
				Actonian †	453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Longvillian †		Aurelucian		456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian		457.4 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
Early Ordovician			Floian			Fennian							470
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian							477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian							480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian							Paibian	494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																1400