PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Devonian Subages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean													Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean													Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian													Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian													Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian													Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian													Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian													Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian													Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
			Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
					Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
							Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
						Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
								Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
						Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
						Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
						Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
													Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan					Niuchehean							487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan					Jiangshanian							489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean					Jiangshanian							493 *
		Paibian								Paibian							494
		Paibian								Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian					Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †				497
		Drumian			Drumian					Wangcunian †		Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian							Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian							Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian							Delamaran	Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4			Duyunian							Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian							Dyeran					514
												Montezuman					514.8 *
												Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian												521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian												529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian												530.7
																		538.8