PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Lancian/Edmontonian		66
				Campanian								Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
									Planulata					179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
									Kanense					181.3 *
									Carlottense					182.3 *
									Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian					Kunae					184.2
									Freboldi					185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian										192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
				Pragian										407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian		Rawtheyan	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian				453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian					Paibian		494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3					Nangaoian		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian		521
	Fortunian		529					Meishucunian
	Fortunian		Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635