PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127403 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian				Cretaceous 4					100.5
						Middle Albian									106.2 *
						Early Albian									109.9 *
				Aptian		Late Aptian				Cretaceous 3					113
				Aptian		Early Aptian				Cretaceous 3					119.5 *
				Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian				Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian		Late Berriasian									139.8
						Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
						Early Berriasian									142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			Jurassic 6					145
				Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			Jurassic 6					146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5					149.2
				Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
				Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
				Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian		Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras				168.2
						Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
						Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.6 *
				Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				Jurassic 3	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
											Planulata				179.3 *
													Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
											Kanense				181.3 *
											Carlottense				182.3 *
						Early Toarcian					Carlottense				182.9 *
						Early Toarcian					Kunae				183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	Kunae				184.2
											Freboldi				185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
					189.2 *							Tetraspidoceras
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
Pseudaetomoceras									Psiloceras	196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				201.4
			Norian	Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
			Carnian	Tuvalian		Triassic 3				227
			Carnian	Julian		Triassic 3				233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian		Triassic 2				237
			Ladinian	Fassanian						239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian						244.7 *
				Aegean						245.5 *
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		Triassic 1				247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian						248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian						251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian						251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4				251.902
			Wuchiapingian							254.14
			Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian								Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian			Kazanian				Povolzhian	Permian 3	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian				Sokian	Permian 3	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian				Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2	273.01
										Filipovian		276.5 *
										Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian				Sarginian		283.5
										Irginian		285.9 *
										Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian				Shikhanian	Permian 1	293.52
										Uskalykian		294.8
										Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian								Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian								Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian								Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean								Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian								Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian							452.7 *
			Sandbian				Ordovician 4					453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †			454.2 *
								Longvillian †				455.2 *
					Aurelucian			Longvillian †				456.8 *
					Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
			Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				470
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
												485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian							Cambrian 5	485.4
Payntonian			Stage 10	486.8 *
Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
Paibian			Idamean	494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian		499
		Drumian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Ordian		509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		Cambrian 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian		Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											1000
		Ectasian				1200
		Calymmian				1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian				1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
															4600