PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean											Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean											Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian											Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian											Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian											Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian											Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian											Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian											Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian												33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan												37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan												56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes										259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian										283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †				Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Berounian					Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
					Liben †					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Oretanian										459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
					Sarka †									461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †									467.3
				Arenigian										468
								Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian											485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian											486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian											489.5
		Paibian		Idamean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan											497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian											499
		Drumian		Undillan											500.5
		Drumian		Floran											503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian											504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian											507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian											509
																510.8 *