PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
													Planulata					179.3 *
													Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
													Kanense					181.3 *
													Carlottense					182.3 *
													Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian									Kunae					184.2
													Freboldi					185.1 *
													Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
														Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
													Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian														192.9
													Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
													Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian										251.902
				Changhsingian				Baoqingian										253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Laibinian										257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan										259.51
				Wordian				Kuhfengian										264.28
				Roadian				Kuhfengian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian										273.01
				Artinskian				Luodianian										283.5
				Artinskian				Longlinian										285.4 *
				Sakmarian				Longlinian										290.1
				Asselian				Zisongian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
				Gzhelian														300.1
				Kasimovian														303.7
				Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian								307
				Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian								315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian								323.2
				Visean						Middle Mississippian								330.9
				Tournaisian						Early Mississippian								346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
				Pragian														407.6
				Lochkovian														410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
			Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
				Aeronian														438.5
				Rhuddanian														440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
				Katian													Rawtheyan	445.2
																	Cautleyan	448.9 *
																	Pusgillian	449.3 *
Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
				Sandbian			453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
						Longvillian †			455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
Early Ordovician			Floian		Fennian				470
					Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
					Cressagian				480.8 *
					Cressagian				Mansian †		483.55 *
									Mansian †		485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian				Jiangshanian		489.5
									Aksaian						490.7 *
									Sakian						492.2 *
			Paibian										Paibian		494
	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian											494.7 *
	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian											Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan									Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan									Duyunian		509
			Toyonian						Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian									Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian						Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian						Manykaian †	Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian												Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau		1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan				1375
																		1400