PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian														Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian															Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Gashatan			56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																Midian	259.51
		Wordian																Midian	264.28
		Wordian																Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian																Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian																Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian																Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian																Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian																Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian																Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
		Kasimovian																	303.7
		Moscovian																	307
		Bashkirian																	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Aurelucian					456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
					Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian								458.5 *
			Oretanian								459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
					Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian								468
				Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian					470
						Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan									485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian									Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran											Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran									Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran												514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																			538.8