PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean														Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean														Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian														Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian														Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian														Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian														Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian														Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian														Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian											298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7					Late Pennsylvanian
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
					Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
							Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
						Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
								Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
						Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
						Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
						Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
														Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan													487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
												Aksaian						490.7 *
												Sakian						492.2 *
					Steptoean													493 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian					Albertian †		Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian										Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan							Amgan/Solvan						504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran													506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †								509
			Toyonian									Lenian †	510 *
			Toyonian		Dyeran								511 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3											514
					Montezuman								514.8 *
			Atdabanian		Montezuman								515.6 *
			Atdabanian		Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †	529
																			538.8