PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Mesozoic Subages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean									2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean									3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian									11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian									13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian									15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan									16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian											100.5
				Middle Albian											106.2 *
				Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian											113
		Aptian		Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian											139.8
				Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
				Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Late Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Early Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
										Planulata					179.3 *
												Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
										Kanense					181.3 *
										Carlottense					182.3 *
				Early Toarcian						Carlottense					182.9 *
				Early Toarcian						Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						Kunae					184.2
										Freboldi					185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
							189.2 *				Tetraspidoceras
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras	196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian	Sevatian						208.5
			Alaunian						213.2 *
			Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian						237
		Ladinian	Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian						242
			Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian			244.7 *
			Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian			251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian			Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian			Wordian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian			Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
						Bolorian				Cathedralian	279.8
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
						Yakhtashian					286
						Yakhtashian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian				Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill						Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc						Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †					455.2 *
							Longvillian †				Aurelucian	456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *			Aurelucian
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian						470
					Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian								509
		Stage 3	Branchian								514
		Stage 3	Placentian								517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
															538.8