PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Dorashamian		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †											Dzhulfian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															Midian		259.51
				Wordian															Midian		264.28
				Wordian															Murgabian		266.2 *
				Roadian															Murgabian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															Kubergandian		273.01
				Kungurian															Bolorian		279.8
				Artinskian															Bolorian		283.5
				Artinskian															Yakhtashian		286
				Sakmarian															Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian															Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
				Kasimovian																	303.7
				Moscovian																	307
				Bashkirian																	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		Gamachian		Rawtheyan		445.2
					Richmondian		Rawtheyan		446 *
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
					Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian						450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
							Cheneyan				451.5 *
							Burrellian				452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
					Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian					456.8 *
				Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
						Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
					Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian							473.9 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian							480.3 *
	Cressagian				Stairsian		480.8 *
					Skullrockian		Demingian †						482 *
								Mansian †					483.55 *
								Mansian †					485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian					485.4
			Stage 10												487.5
			Jiangshanian												489.5
							Aksaian								490.7 *
							Sakian								492.2 *
			Paibian												494
			Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian								497
								Ayusokkanian								Arcadian	498.4
								Mayan/Menevian									499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian									500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian										Amgan/Solvan	509
										Toyonian							Lenian †	510 *
										Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3							Botomian								514
										Atdabanian								515.6 *
							Placentian			Atdabanian								517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian								521
			Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
			Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian																	635
			Tonian																	720
			Tonian															Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau		1000
			Stenian															Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian															Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian															Burzyan		1375
																					1400