PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Waipipian								3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene			Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Teurian								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian				Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan								100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian				Korangan								113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
								Planulata	179.3 *
									Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
										180.1
								Kanense		181.3 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Kanense		182
								Carlottense		182.3 *
								Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Kunae		184.2
								Freboldi		185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian	Siegen								407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill					Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan							445.2
				Cautleyan							448.9 *
				Pusgillian							449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan						451.5 *
						Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian					Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian						477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Cressagian						480.8 *
														485 *