PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian						100.5
								Middle Albian						106.2 *
								Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian						113
		Aptian						Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian						139.8
								Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
								Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian						174.7
								Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
								Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian						Sevatian						208.5
								Alaunian						213.2 *
								Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian						227
		Carnian						Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian						237
		Ladinian						Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian			Midian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
		Visean	Chesterian		330.9
			Meramecian		335.8 *
			Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju		Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
							Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
							Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
							Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
							Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Kukruse						456.4 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
							Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
							Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
					Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
				Valaste †/Hunderum			Kunda				464.3 *
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
								Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
							Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
				Latorp †									470.1 *
									Whitlandian				471.1 *
							Hunneberg		Whitlandian				473.7 *
									Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
									Cressagian				480.8 *
						Varangu	481.3 *
						Pakerort	482.2 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							486.3 *
														486.5