PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										Yushean		2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene										Yushean		3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene										Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene												5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian											Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene										Tunggurian		11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene										Shanwangian		13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene										Shanwangian		15.98
		Burdigalian											Xiejiaan		16.9
		Aquitanian											Xiejiaan		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene												37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan							150
								Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian						Warepan							208.5
								Otamitan							217
								Oretian							221
		Carnian						Oretian							227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian						Etalian							238
		Anisian						Etalian							242
		Anisian						Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian							249
		Induan		251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
					Mangapirian		276
						Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian		285
					Telfordian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian			307
			Podolskian			308.9 *
			Kashirian			311.4 *
			Vereian			313.8
			Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian			315.2
			Cheremshanian			316.9 *
			Prikamian			318.6 *
			Severokeltmian			319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
			Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			323.2
			Protvian			324.4 *
			Steshevian			326.8 *
			Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Venevian			330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian			339.9 *
			Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian			346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
								Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †				467.3
						Arenigian						468
				Arenig			Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian					470
							Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean								Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian		Paibian										494
		Paibian		Paibian								Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian								Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian		Drumian								Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian										509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian										521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian										529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian										530.7
															538.8