PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127252 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene							Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene							Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene							Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene							Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene							Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene							Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan									150
					Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian			Warepan									208.5
					Otamitan									217
					Oretian									221
		Carnian			Oretian									227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian			Etalian									238
		Anisian			Etalian									242
		Anisian			Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian									249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian					Streffordian		449.7 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
							Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian										458.5 *
			Oretanian										459.7 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian										468
						Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian					470
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
													485 *
														485.4