PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127248 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Vorohuean				2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan				3.6
				Montehermosan				3.7 *
				Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
				Chasicoan				7.9 *
				Mayoan				9.9 *
				Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian		Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	Friasian				15.98
				Santacrucian				16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene					27.82
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene	Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian						41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Riochican				56
				Itaboraian				56.9 *
				Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene					61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan		451.5 *
				Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian				453
					Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian			470
				Whitlandian			471.1 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *