PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	Gashatan			56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian								66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic								100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian							259.51
		Wordian		Midian							264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian							273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian							279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian							283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian							286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
			Longvillian †							455.2 *
			Longvillian †					Aurelucian		456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig				Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *