PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian				3
		Zanclean							Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
									Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian					Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
									Mangaotanean				90.5
									Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
									Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic						Motuan				100.5
									Urutawan				103.3
								Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian							Korangan				113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian		254.14
								Laoshanian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
								Laibinian			Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan			Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian			Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
								Longlinian			Sarginian	285.4 *
											Irginian	285.9 *
											Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian						Zisongian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian			358.9
									Middle Famennian			365.3 *
									Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian			372.2
									Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill					Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
						Longvillian †			455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian				470
					Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *