PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean							Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian					23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian					41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan					47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
									Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian					56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian					Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian							Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
									Mangaotanean					90.5
									Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan					93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
									Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic						Motuan					100.5
									Urutawan					103.3
								Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian							Korangan					113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
							Planulata	179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
										180.1
							Kanense			181.3 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense			182
							Carlottense			182.3 *
							Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae			184.2
							Freboldi			185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian									Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian									Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian									Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian									Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian							Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill					Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan			445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †			449.6 *
						Cheneyan						451.5 *
						Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
									Actonian †			453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Aurelucian			Longvillian †				456.8 *
						Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian			467.3	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian	470
					Whitlandian	471.1 *
					Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
														485 *