PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127412 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian							3
				Zanclean				Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian							13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian							23.03
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian							41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
								Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan							47.8
								Mangaorapan							48.9
								Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian							56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian	Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan		Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean							90.5
								Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan							93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
								Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan							100.5
								Urutawan							103.3
							Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian				Korangan							113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan		145
			Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan		149.2
					Kawhia		Ohauan		150
							Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Herangi		Ururoan		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	176
									Planulata	179.3 *
									Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									Kanense		181.3 *
									Carlottense		182.3 *
									Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian						Kunae		184.2
									Freboldi		185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Aratauran		Whiteavesi/Imlayi			188.9
												189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian									192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian					201.4
			Norian				Warepan					208.5
							Otamitan					217
							Oretian					221
			Carnian				Oretian					227
			Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan					227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan					237
			Ladinian				Etalian					238
			Anisian				Etalian					242
			Anisian				Malakovian					246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian					247.2
			Olenekian				Nelsonian					249
			Induan				Nelsonian					251.2
			Induan		DUrville		Makarewan					251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan					251.902
			Changhsingian				Waiitian					253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian					254.14
							Puruhauan					254.2
						Tatarian	Puruhauan					Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian					Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian				Flettian					Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian				Barettian					Urzhumian	266
			Roadian			Kazanian						Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian						Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian						Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Mangapirian					Irenian/Ufimian	276
												Filipovian	276.5 *
												Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian						Sarginian	283.5
							Telfordian					Sarginian	285
												Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian				287.8 *
								Burtsevian				288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian				290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian				291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian				293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
Whitlandian									471.1 *
Moridunian									474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian			Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau		1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan		1375
															1400