PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
							Hemingfordian								16.3
							Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
							Whitneyan								29.5
							Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian								47.8
							Wasatchian								50.5
							Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian			Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian		Midian		259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian		Midian		264.28
			Wordian	Urzhumian		Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian		273.01
					Filipovian	Kubergandian		276.5 *
					Filipovian	Bolorian		279.8
					Saraninian			280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Irginian	Yakhtashian		286
					Burtsevian	Yakhtashian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian		293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian				Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
							Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
							Castlemainian					468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian					470
Whitlandian							Chewtonian		471.1 *
							Bendigonian		471.8 *
							Lancefieldian		473.5 *
Moridunian									474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
								Cressagian	480.8 *
							Warendian	Cressagian	482.8 *
							Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
															1400