PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127403 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of China		Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian								Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
				Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
				Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
				Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan				Kathwai									251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai					Dorashamian				251.902
																	252.4 *
								Chhidru									252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian				Chhidru					Dzhulfian				254.14
								Kalabagh									255 *
								Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian				259.51
				Wordian													264.28
																	265.3 *
								Amb									266.1 *
													Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian													266.9
				Roadian													270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian									Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian									Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian									Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian									Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
				Moscovian													307
				Bashkirian													315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
				Visean													330.9
				Tournaisian													346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway								358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean								372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian							382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian							387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian							393.3
				Pragian													407.6
				Lochkovian													410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli														419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
			Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian													433.4
				Aeronian													438.5
				Rhuddanian													440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
				Katian											Rawtheyan		445.2
															Cautleyan		448.9 *
															Pusgillian		449.3 *
														Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
															Cheneyan		451.5 *
Burrellian					452.7 *
				Sandbian	453
					Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †		455.2 *
Aurelucian					Longvillian †		456.8 *
Aurelucian					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
			Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
Early Ordovician			Floian		Fennian						470
					Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Moridunian						474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean								Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian	Paibian									494
		Paibian	Paibian								Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian								Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian								Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian									509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian									530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian										Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau			1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
																	1400