PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Calabrian								0.774
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean						2.58
				Zanclean		Yushean						3.6
				Zanclean		Baodean						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian		Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian		Tunggurian						11.63
				Langhian		Shanwangian						13.82
				Burdigalian		Shanwangian						15.98
				Burdigalian		Xiejiaan						16.9
				Aquitanian		Xiejiaan						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
				Bartonian			MP 16					37.71
				Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
				Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian			251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian			259.51
				Wordian					Midian			264.28
				Wordian					Murgabian			266.2 *
				Roadian					Murgabian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian			273.01
				Kungurian					Bolorian			279.8
				Artinskian					Bolorian			283.5
				Artinskian					Yakhtashian			286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian					453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400