PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		European Faunal Units	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Britain			Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian		0.129
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan		0.3 *
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan		0.774
				Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
				Gelasian									Sanandresian		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian					Late Pliocene	Vorohuean		2.58
							Villanyian						Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
							Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean								Early Pliocene			3.6
													Montehermosan		3.7 *
													Huayquerian		4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian					Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
													Chasicoan		7.9 *
							Vallesian						Chasicoan		8.7
													Mayoan		9.9 *
													Laventan		10.9 *
				Serravallian			Astaracian					Middle Miocene	Laventan		11.63
				Serravallian									Colloncuran		13.7 *
				Langhian									Colloncuran		13.82
				Langhian									Friasian		15.4 *
				Burdigalian			Orleanian					Early Miocene	Friasian		15.98
													Santacrucian		16.2 *
													Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
							Agenian								20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian									Deseadan		20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene			23.03
				Rupelian								Early Oligocene			27.82
				Rupelian								Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican		28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	Tinguirirican		33.9
				Priabonian								Late Eocene	Divisaderan		35.9 *
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Lutetian									Mustersan		41.9 *
				Ypresian								Early Eocene	Mustersan		47.8
				Ypresian								Early Eocene	Casamayoran		47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene	Riochican		56
													Itaboraian		56.9 *
													Peligran		58.9 *
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene			61.6
				Danian								Early Paleocene	Tiupampan		62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian		Rawtheyan	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian				453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	509
			Stage 3					Branchian	514
			Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635