PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian			Yushean					2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian			Baodean					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
							Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian			Shanwangian					13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
							Xiejiaan					16.9
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Cenozoic 4							23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian	Cenozoic 2							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan								47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian		Haumurian	Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan	Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	Cretaceous 3							113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3							117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Longvillian †				Aurelucian	456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian		470
					Whitlandian		471.1 *
					Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian		480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
												538.8