PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian			Tertiary †				Villanyian	Yushean	2.58
						Waipipian							Villanyian		3
													Ruscinian		3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
						Opoitian									3.7
						Opoitian								Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							Turolian		5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
													Vallesian		8.7
					Southland	Waiauan									11.04
														Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian									Astaracian		11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian								Shanwangian	13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
				Burdigalian									Orleanian		15.98
														Xiejiaan	16.9
						Otaian									18.7
													Agenian		20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
				Rupelian			Kekeamuan								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian							47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan								56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian									66
				Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan									100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
Taitai					Korangan	108.4
				Aptian	Korangan	113
				Aptian		117.5
				Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †				455.2 *
					Longvillian †			Aurelucian	456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aurelucian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian	467.3			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian		470
					Whitlandian		471.1 *
					Moridunian		474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian		480.8 *
							485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400