PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian						Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian								0.129
					Ensenadan								0.3 *
				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Nukumaruan									1.63
					Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean						Yushean		2.58
					Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
				Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Opoitian	Montehermosan								3.7 *
				Opoitian	Huayquerian						Baodean		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
					Chasicoan								7.9 *
					Mayoan								9.9 *
					Laventan								10.9 *
			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
											Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian											11.63
				Lillburnian									13.05
					Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian									Shanwangian		13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
				Clifdenian	Friasian								15.4 *
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
					Santacrucian								16.2 *
					Santacrucian						Xiejiaan		16.9
					Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian											20.44
					Deseadan								20.9 *
			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Runangan	Divisaderan								35.9 *
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian											41.2
					Mustersan								41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian											47.8
					Casamayoran								47.9 *
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican								56
					Itaboraian								56.9 *
					Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian					61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †						455.2 *
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
			Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †								467.3
					Arenigian						468
				Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian					470
						Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
											485 *
													485.4