PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian					3
		Zanclean						Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian					13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian					23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian						Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
								Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan					93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
								Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan					100.5
								Urutawan					103.3
							Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian						Korangan					113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	176
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
				Aratauran		Whiteavesi/Imlayi				188.9
										189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian		Warepan						208.5
				Otamitan						217
				Oretian						221
		Carnian		Oretian						227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian		Etalian						238
		Anisian		Etalian						242
		Anisian		Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian						249
		Induan		Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan						251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian						253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian						254.14
				Puruhauan						254.2
				Puruhauan						Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian							Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian							Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian							Urzhumian	266
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian							Irenian/Ufimian	276
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Telfordian							Sarginian	285
											Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian			287.8 *
								Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				470
							Whitlandian				471.1 *
							Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *