PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127412 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean														Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean														Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian														Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian														Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian														Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian														Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan													150
						Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian		Warepan													208.5
						Otamitan													217
						Oretian													221
				Carnian		Oretian													227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian		Etalian													238
				Anisian		Etalian													242
				Anisian		Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian													247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
Induan				251.2		Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
									Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian					450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
											Aurelucian				456.8 *
								Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
			Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
										Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
									Rangerian							469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
									Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
Tulean									473.9 *		Whitlandian
									Moridunian		474.3 *
			Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
Stairsian										Migneintian	480.3 *
Stairsian										Cressagian	480.8 *
Skullrockian										Cressagian	Demingian †					482 *
											Demingian †					485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian						485.4
											Payntonian						486.8 *
											Payntonian						487.5
			Jiangshanian								Iverian						489.5
			Paibian								Idamean						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian	499
			Drumian	Undillan	500.5
			Drumian	Floran	503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
			Stage 4		510.8 *
			Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †						Poundian †	538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †						Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635