PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean						Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian						Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian						Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
								Hemingfordian								16.3
								Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian								47.8
								Wasatchian								50.5
								Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian						Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian		Midian	259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian		Midian	264.28
		Wordian	Urzhumian		Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian	273.01
				Filipovian	Kubergandian	276.5 *
				Filipovian	Bolorian	279.8
				Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Irginian	Yakhtashian	286
				Burtsevian	Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Ungurian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
											Cressagian	480.8 *
											Cressagian	Mansian †	483.55 *
												Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian							Batyrbaian	489.5
							Aksaian							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian							Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian							Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Wuliuan			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
			Toyonian	Lenian †	Toyonian		510 *
			Botomian		Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian		Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		Tommotian		521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
																538.8