PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Silurian of England		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
										Planulata							179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
										Kanense							181.3 *
										Carlottense							182.3 *
										Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian								Kunae							184.2
										Freboldi							185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian								Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
		Visean															330.9
		Tournaisian															346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian											393.3
		Pragian															407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien													408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine													410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine									419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton									421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood									423
		Gorstian															425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas									426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Gleedonian								427.4
							Wych	Woolhope	Gleedonian								428.4 *
									Whitwellian								429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian															430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian															433.4
		Telychian															436.3 *
		Aeronian															438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park										439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											Ashgill	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian	Rawtheyan											445.2
			Cautleyan											448.9 *
			Pusgillian											449.3 *
			Caradoc										Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
													Cheneyan		451.5 *
													Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
													Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn										Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig										Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470		Fennian
											Whitlandian		471.1 *
										Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc							Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc							Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																	538.8