PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian									0.0117
		Chibanian	Ionian									0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian	259.51
		Wordian									Midian	264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian									Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian									Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian									Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian									Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
			Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
				Eastonian		Cautleyan		449 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
				Gisbornian		Cheneyan			452 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
				Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
				Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian						470
				Chewtonian		Whitlandian				471.1 *
				Bendigonian			471.8 *
				Lancefieldian			473.5 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
						Cressagian	480.8 *
				Warendian		Cressagian	482.8 *
				Warendian			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
												509