PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian												0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean												3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean												4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian												11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian												11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian												13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian												15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan												16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian										283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian										290.1
		Asselian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian					451.1 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
							Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
						Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
								Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
						Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
						Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
						Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
													Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
															487.5