PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian						7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian				Pannonian						11.1
		Serravallian					Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian	Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian				Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
		Carnian				Oretian							227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian				Etalian							238
		Anisian				Etalian							242
		Anisian				Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Dorashamian		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian			264.28
					Barettian			266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian	276
						Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
			Telfordian		285
			Telfordian		Yakhtashian	286
					Yakhtashian	288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Ungurian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
								Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian					485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian					489.5
							Aksaian					490.7 *
							Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan	504.5				Tuesaian
		Wuliuan		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
			Toyonian	510 *
			Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian	521
													525.5