PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			Late Pleistocene					0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean			Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian			Middle Pleistocene					0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian			Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian			Early Pliocene					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian			Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene					15.98
			Hemingfordian								16.3
			Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
			Whitneyan								29.5
			Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			Late Eocene					33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean			Late Eocene					37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean			Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian			Early Eocene					47.8
			Wasatchian								50.5
			Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian			Late Paleocene					56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian			Late Paleocene					56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian			Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian			Middle Paleocene					60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian			Early Paleocene					61.6
		Danian	Puercan			Early Paleocene					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
				Noginskian			264.9 *
					Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
				Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian		276.8 *
					Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian		283.5
					Yakhtashian		286
				Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian			307
				Podolskian			308.9 *
				Kashirian			311.4 *
				Vereian			313.8
				Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian			315.2
				Cheremshanian			316.9 *
				Prikamian			318.6 *
				Severokeltmian			319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
				Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian			323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
				Jaagarahu		Gleedonian	429.2 *
						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
		Telychian		Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Longvillian †			Aurelucian		456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *