PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127252 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean												0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean												0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian			0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean												0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean												0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian												0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian												0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan												1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Yushean			2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
					Hemphillian												4.7
														Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
					Clarendonian												9.4
														Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian													11.63
				Serravallian	Barstovian												12.5
				Langhian										Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
					Hemingfordian												16.3
					Hemingfordian									Xiejiaan			16.9
					Arikareean												18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
					Whitneyan												29.5
					Orellan												31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian												33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean												37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean												37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan												41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian												46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian												47.8
					Wasatchian												50.5
					Clarkforkian												54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian												56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian												56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian												59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian												60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian												61.6
				Danian	Puercan												63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
					Cautleyan			448.9 *
					Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian				450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian				451.1 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian		Actonian †		453.7 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
					Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
						Rangerian						469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Blackhillsian	Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Tulean	Whitlandian						473.9 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian						477.7
						Stairsian	Migneintian						480.3 *
						Stairsian	Cressagian						480.8 *
						Skullrockian	Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635