PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian											0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian											0.129
			Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
													Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												0.774
			Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
													Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian	3
		Zanclean											Waipipian	3.6
													Opoitian	3.7
			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian										Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											9.4
												Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian												11.63
			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
													Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian	13.82
													Clifdenian	15.1
												Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian											16.3
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
													Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Monroecreekian										23.1 *
				Geringian										24.7 *
													Duntroonian	25.2
													Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian												29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
												Arnold	Runangan	34.6
													Kaiatan	36.7
														37
		Bartonian												37.71
													Bortonian	39.1
			Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian												41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
													Heretaungan	45.7
			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian												47.8
													Mangaorapan	48.9
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean										Mangaorapan	50.5
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean										Waipawan	52
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1								Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1								Teurian	56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1									61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				72.1							Haumurian
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
								Planulata	179.3 *
								Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
								Kanense		181.3 *
								Carlottense		182.3 *
								Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Kunae		184.2
								Freboldi		185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
		Induan								251.2
		Induan								Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai	251.902
											252.4 *
										Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru	254.14
										Kalabagh	255 *
										Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
										265.3 *
			Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb							266.9
		Roadian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
							Actonian †			453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †				456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian		470
				Whitlandian		471.1 *
				Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian		489.5
		Paibian				Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan		497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian		499
		Drumian				Undillan		500.5
		Drumian				Floran		503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian		509
														510.8 *