PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †										Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Midian			259.51
		Wordian												Midian			264.28
		Wordian												Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian												Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian												Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian												Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian												Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian												Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian												Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
					Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					451.1 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
					Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian				456.8 *
			Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
						Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
					Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
					Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
				Mansian †									483.55 *
				Mansian †									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian					Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
				Aksaian											490.7 *
				Sakian											492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Amgan/Solvan		509
											Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
											Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian					514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian					521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian									Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †		529
																	538.8