PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene							Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene							Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene							Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian											Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene							Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene							Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene							Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian											Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian											Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan								150
								Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian						Warepan								208.5
								Otamitan								217
								Oretian								221
		Carnian						Oretian								227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian						Etalian								238
		Anisian						Etalian								242
		Anisian						Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian								249
		Induan		251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian					Flettian	264.28
		Wordian					Barettian	266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian	283.5
							Telfordian	285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian						Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
								Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian											458.5 *
			Oretanian											459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian											468
						Arenig			Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †										497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
																509