PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian of North America		Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian							0.0117
		Chibanian				Ionian							0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller				Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian	Leine				Wordian						264.28
		Roadian					Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian						Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan			445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
				Eastonian		Cautleyan			449 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
				Gisbornian		Cheneyan				452 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
				Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
				Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian							470
				Chewtonian		Whitlandian					471.1 *
				Bendigonian							471.8 *
				Lancefieldian							473.5 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
						Cressagian					480.8 *
				Warendian		Cressagian					482.8 *
				Warendian							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids								497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
													538.8