PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127684 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian						MN 17		Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16		Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian						MN 15		Late Pliocene					3.2
		Zanclean						MN 15		Early Pliocene					3.6
								MN 14							4.2
								MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						MN 13		Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian						MN 12							7.246
								MN 11							7.75
								MN 10							8.7
								MN 9							9.7
								MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian						MN 7 + 8		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian						MN 6							12.8 *
		Langhian						MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian						MN 4		Early Miocene					15.98
								MN 3							16.9
								MN 2							20
		Aquitanian						MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian						MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan					Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai								251.902
				252.4 *
			Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	254.14
			Kalabagh	255 *
			Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
				265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu			Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Vormsi		Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
						Rakvere			Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Oandu	Gisbornian		Cheneyan			452 *
						Oandu			Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila					Idavere †	453
						Keila				Actonian †		453.2 *
						Haljala				Actonian †		453.9
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Kukruse							456.4 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
						Uhaku				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri							460.4 *
						Aseri			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
					Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
						Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Yapeenian							467.3
							Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
							Castlemainian							468.5 *
						Billingen	Castlemainian							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian							470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Bendigonian							471.8 *
							Lancefieldian							473.5 *
						Hunneberg								473.7 *
			Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
								Cressagian	480.8 *
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
							Warendian		482.8 *
							Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									486.3 *
															486.5