PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian							0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan							0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan							3.6
				Montehermosan							3.7 *
				Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
				Chasicoan							7.9 *
				Mayoan							9.9 *
				Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian		Laventan							11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian		Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian							15.98
				Santacrucian							16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican							28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican							33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan							35.9 *
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan							41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan							47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran							47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican							56
				Itaboraian							56.9 *
				Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan							62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian								66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic								100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Eastonian				Cautleyan	449 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
			Gisbornian				Cheneyan		452 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Yapeenian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
			Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian							470
			Chewtonian				Whitlandian			471.1 *
			Bendigonian							471.8 *
			Lancefieldian							473.5 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
							Cressagian			480.8 *
			Warendian		482.8 *		Cressagian
			Warendian				485 *
											485.4