PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian							Ionian				0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian				Ionian				0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian								3
		Zanclean			Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
					Clifdenian								15.1
				Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian								23.03
					Duntroonian								25.2
					Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Arnold	Runangan								34.6
					Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
					Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan								47.8
					Mangaorapan								48.9
					Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian								56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			Senonian					66
		Campanian			Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
					Mangaotanean								90.5
					Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan								93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
					Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			Gallic					100.5
					Urutawan								103.3
				Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian			Korangan								113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan					451.5 *
					Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
			Longvillian †	455.2 *
			Longvillian †	Aurelucian	456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aurelucian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian						470
				Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
													485 *