PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene				0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian				Late Pliocene				3
		Zanclean		Waipipian				Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian				Early Pliocene				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene				5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan				Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian				Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				Late Oligocene				23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan				Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan				Early Eocene				47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian				Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan								113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
				Actonian †					453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †						455.2 *
				Longvillian †				Aurelucian		456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		461.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		467.3
			Yapeenian	Arenig		Fennian		468.4 *
			Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Chewtonian			Whitlandian		471.1 *
			Bendigonian					471.8 *
			Lancefieldian					473.5 *
						Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian		477.7
						Cressagian		480.8 *
			Warendian			Cressagian		482.8 *
			Warendian					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8