PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian							Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian							Late Pliocene					3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian							Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian							Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian												7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian												8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian							Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian							Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian							Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian												20
		Aquitanian	Agenian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Eastonian			Cautleyan	449 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian				Streffordian		449.7 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
				Gisbornian			Cheneyan		452 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Aurelucian					456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
						Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Oretanian									459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
						Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †		Yapeenian						467.3
			Arenigian									468
					Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
						Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian						470
						Chewtonian	Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Bendigonian						471.8 *
						Lancefieldian						473.5 *
							Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian					477.7
							Cressagian					480.8 *
						Warendian	Cressagian					482.8 *
						Warendian						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran								514
						Montezuman								514.8 *
						Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8