PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16									2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15									3.6
			MN 14									4.2
			MN 13									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13									5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12									7.246
			MN 11									7.75
			MN 10									8.7
			MN 9									9.7
			MN 7 + 8									11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8									11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6									12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5									13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4									15.98
			MN 3									16.9
			MN 2									20
		Aquitanian	MN 2									20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill		Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan	445.2
				Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
				Cheneyan			451.5 *
				Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
					Actonian †		453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †			455.2 *
				Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
				Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian				470
				Whitlandian				471.1 *
				Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †	Branchian	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran			514
								Montezuman			514.8 *
								Montezuman		Placentian	517.1
								Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8