PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			Late Pleistocene					0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean			Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian			Middle Pleistocene					0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian			Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian			Early Pliocene					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian			Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene					15.98
			Hemingfordian								16.3
			Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
			Whitneyan								29.5
			Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			Late Eocene					33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean			Late Eocene					37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean			Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian			Early Eocene					47.8
			Wasatchian								50.5
			Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian			Late Paleocene					56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian			Late Paleocene					56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian			Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian			Middle Paleocene					60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian			Early Paleocene					61.6
		Danian	Puercan			Early Paleocene					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Eastonian	449 *			Cautleyan
				Pusgillian		449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
			Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
			Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Chewtonian		Whitlandian			471.1 *
			Bendigonian					471.8 *
			Lancefieldian					473.5 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
					Cressagian			480.8 *
			Warendian		Cressagian			482.8 *
			Warendian					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8