International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127262 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | North American Land Mammal Ages | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | Arikareean | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | Gashatan | 56 | |||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||