PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian													66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan													72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes											259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian											283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	440.8	Raikkula
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
						Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
						Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
						Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
						Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
				Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku				458.4
								Lasnamagi				458.9 *
								Aseri				460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
						Rangerian							469.1 *
						Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean								477.7
						Stairsian								480.3 *
						Stairsian		Varangu						481.3 *
						Skullrockian		Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
								Pakerort					Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort					Late Cambrian		485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
								487.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8