PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian																72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian																100.5
			Middle Albian																106.2 *
			Early Albian																109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian																113
		Aptian	Early Aptian																119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian																139.8
			Middle Berriasian																140.6 *
			Early Berriasian																142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian															146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian																149.2
			Late Kimmeridgian		Kawhia	Ohauan													150
			Early Kimmeridgian			Ohauan													152.2 *
			Early Kimmeridgian			Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian															154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian															157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian																161.5
		Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian																168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian																168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian																174.7
			Late Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan													176
			Middle Toarcian																180.4 *
			Early Toarcian																182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian																184.2
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Aratauran													188.9
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
		Norian	Sevatian			Warepan	208.5
			Alaunian				213.2 *
			Lacian				216.7 *
						Otamitan	217
						Oretian	221
		Carnian	Tuvalian			Oretian	227
			Tuvalian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
			Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian				237
			Longobardian			Etalian	238
			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian				242
			Pelsonian				243.8 *
			Bithynian				244.7 *
			Aegean				245.5 *
			Aegean			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian				247.2
			Smithian				248.9 *
			Smithian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Dienerian				251.2
			Griesbachian				251.4 *
			Griesbachian		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Gamachian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
								Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian								449.7 *
								Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
								Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian									Keila		Idavere †	453
								Turinian			Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
							Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
										Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian															458.4
				Dobrotivian													458.5 *
				Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Oretanian							Lasnamagi						459.7 *
											Aseri						460.4 *
										Sarka †	Aseri						461.7 *
									Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
											Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
			Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka						467.1 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †							467.3
				Arenigian													468
								Rangerian									469.1 *
			Billingen					Rangerian									469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †							470.1 *
			Hunneberg															473.7 *
								Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Tulean										477.7
								Stairsian										480.3 *
			Varangu					Stairsian										481.3 *
			Varangu		Skullrockian	Demingian †		482 *
			Pakerort			Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort									Late Cambrian					485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																			538.8